The Continua of Excludability and Rivalry - Econlib

The Continua of Excludability and Rivalry - Econlib

The classic definition of a “public good” is that it is both “non-excludable” and “non-rival.”  Textbooks normally treat these traits as binary, delivering this 2 x 2 typology: Yet in the real world, both excludability and rivalry lie on a continuum.  Almost nothing is 0% excludable.  If you spend enough effort, you can prevent non-payers […]

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